From the admixture with pygmies, for example, Bantu peoples acquired a new form of the HLA system, which helps trigger immune response to infection.
Another compelling example indicates that when the Bantus arrived in eastern Sub-Saharan Africa, the local populations passed on a variability associated with the gene that codes for lactase, which enables individuals to continue digesting milk in adulthood. The final aspect explored during this vast study was how one of the most painful periods in African history, the transatlantic slave trade, affected the genetic history of the Bantu peoples.
To trace the genetic origins of that portion of their genome more precisely, the scientists have compared the genomes of nearly 5, African-Americans from across the United States with those of African populations currently living in the former slave ports.
This enabled them to break down the contributions of each of these slave trade regions. This vast genetic map of Sub-Saharan Africa provides a striking illustration of how genomics has contributed to the history of our species. It represents a powerful tool that, in conjunction with new pan-genomic approaches, can be used to reconstruct the history of our migrations and admixtures, and to identify the evolutionary mechanisms that have enabled us to adapt genetically to environmental pressures, including those exerted by infectious agents.
Perry 7 , Luis B. Enter your keywords. Claude Flamand : predicting epidemics with satellite images Dr Amy Kristine Bei to head a new 4-year research group on malaria in Dakar Dr. The Insitut Pasteur is addressing the major scientific and health issues facing the world today The Institut Pasteur in A legacy of excellence The Research Journal : the most read articles in !
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How does hearing work? Why does bronchiolitis only affect infants? You are here. Scholars, scientists, and politicians believe climate change will negatively affect the economic and social well-being of Africa more than any other continent. Rising temperatures have caused precipitation patterns to change, crops to reach the upper limits of heat tolerance, pastoral farmers to spend more time in search of water supplies, and malaria and other diseases to spread throughout the continent.
International organizations and agreements, such as the Copenhagen Accord, have guaranteed funding for measures to combat or reduce the effects of climate change in Africa. Many African politicians and scholars, however, are critical of this funding. They say it addresses the effects of climate change after they occur, rather than creating programs to prevent global warming , the current period of climate change.
African leaders also criticize developed countries for not making more of an internal commitment to reducing carbon emission s. What is certain is that Africa will need foreign assistance in order to successfully combat climate change. Leaders within Africa and outside it will need to seek greater international cooperation for this to become a reality.
Africa is sometimes nicknamed the "Mother Continent" due to its being the oldest inhabited continent on Earth. Also called the transatlantic slave trade. The Allies were led by the U. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Caryl-Sue, National Geographic Society. Dunn, Margery G.
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You cannot download interactives. What does it mean to be a citizen? Citizenship is the legal recognition of belonging to a specific nation, state, or commonwealth. What does citizenship represent? It may help to form one's identity, but it also comes with responsibilities such as following the laws of a particular place.
Different nations, states, and commonwealths have different duties for their citizens and different processes for naturalization. Use these classroom resources to help teach your students about the obligations and responsibilities that accompany citizenship. Egypt was a vast kingdom of the ancient world.
It was unified around B. Today Egyptologists, archaeologists who focus on this ancient civilization, have learned a great deal about the rulers, artifacts, and customs of ancient Egypt. Use these resources to teach your students about the ancient Egyptians.
A political boundary is an imaginary line separating one political unit, such as a country or state, from another. Sometimes these align with a natural geographic feature like a river to form a border or barrier between nations.
Occasionally, two countries may contest where a particular border is drawn. These disputes might arise due to a natural resource both groups want, like in the case of Sudan and South Sudan, or in an attempt to gain more political power, as in the case of Pakistan and India in the Kashmir region. Use these resources to explore more about political boundaries.
On February 6, , the first group of freed U. Africa has an array of diverse ecosystems, from sandy deserts to lush rain forests. Join our community of educators and receive the latest information on National Geographic's resources for you and your students.
Skip to content. Twitter Facebook Pinterest Google Classroom. Encyclopedic Entry Vocabulary. Map by the National Geographic Society. Population Density 87 people per square kilometer.
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Interactives Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. Related Resources. View Collection. Ancient Egypt. Is Swahili African? What is the most common Swahili greeting? What country does Swahili come from? Is Shona a Bantu language? What percent of Zimbabwe speaks English? Where in Zimbabwe is Shona spoken? What does Zimbabwe mean in Shona? What does Zimbabwe mean in English? What does the name Great Zimbabwe mean?
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