However, the beginning of the 19th century saw the emergence of a wave of artists, authors and playwrights who wished to revive the Catalan language. In an attempt to promote a universal Spanish nationality, General Franco banned all languages other than Spanish from being used in Spain. This included Catalan, which had been recognised as an official language only during the Second Spanish Republic of —, following a period of Catalan literary revival in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
As a result of the ban, no newborns were allowed to be given Catalan names; streets and monuments with Catalan names were given Castilian names instead; all television, film and music were to be produced in Spanish; and speaking Catalan in public was severely frowned upon and even punished. As much as Catalan may be the preferred language of choice among the local population of Catalonia, in Andorra it is the sole official language. In Catalonia, Valencia and the Balearic Islands, Catalan is an official language alongside Spanish Castellano , meaning that all official communication has to be available in both.
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Sign Up. Travel Guides. Videos Beyond Hollywood Hungerlust Pioneers of love. Tara Jessop. Some Spanish nationalists have even blamed Catalan language education for promoting separatism. This has made Catalan identity more about language than, say, Basque identity or the identity of other various ethnic groups in Spain.
Basque nationalism is largely about ethnicity , whereas Catalan nationalism has made language a cornerstone of the movement. Catalan independence rallies have been ongoing, with demonstrations occurring as recently as September In Catalonia, September 11 is known as La Diada , or the anniversary of the fall of Barcelona in , which has been commemorated in more recent years by separatist rallies.
In Andorra, which is a small, independent principality in the Pyrenees Mountains between Spain and France, Catalan is the only official language. Within the language, there are considered to be six distinct dialects : Northwestern Catalan spoken in Lleida, Tarragona and La Franja , Valencian spoken in Valencia , Central Catalan spoken in Barcelona and Girona , Balearic spoken in the Balearic Islands , Roussillonnais spoken in France , and Alguerese the dialect spoken in Alghero.
Catalan is spoken across a varied linguistic territory. Indo-Aryan Branch. Indo-European Language Family. Indo-Iranian Branch. International Languages. Iroquoian Language Family. Khoisan Language Family. Language Isolates. Mayan Language Family. NaDene Language Family. Niger-Congo Language Family. Nilo-Saharan Language Family.
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