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Title from cover. February Includes bibliographical references. Fortescue Metals Group. In these regions recognised mineralisation has been intersected more than 6 kilometres from the outcrop the target iron formation can be overlain by Tertiary age colluvium and alluvium younger than 65 Million years. This colluvium can contain both cemented and un- cemented detrital products of iron enriched material, BIF, chert and shale within a matrix of finer grained sediments including clays.
Percolation of groundwater through the weathering profiles has resulted in precipitation of both calcrete and ferricrete creating resistant horizons within the extensive regolith. More proximal to the Fortescue Marsh to the south, the Tertiary sediments become finer grained and more clay dominant, with some recognised calcareous zones.
The structural geology of the area is predominantly concealed with limited exposure in outcrop. However, small scale faulting and folding metre offsets are observed in some outcrops, and larger-scale faults are interpreted from aero-magnetics and regional mapping, plus drilling results. In places faults may be the conduit for the mineralisation hypogene model. Iron mineralisation characteristically comprises hematite, goethite and ocherous goethite, with variable degrees of alteration between these minerals.
The main gangue minerals are kaolinite, quartz and gibbsite, with minor amounts of carbonates, either calcite or dolomite. In both processes, the original iron, which is present as magnetite bands within the BIF, is oxidised to hematite and goethite. Contemporaneous with the iron enrichment, the original gangue minerals are partially to fully leached out or may be replaced by iron minerals.
These processes increase the iron content of the BIF depending upon the degree of enrichment. A volume loss of up to 35 per cent can occur with enrichment due to loss of gangue minerals.
This is interpreted to occur due to hypogene enrichment of the MMIF in proximity to tectonic structures faults or tight folds , which have allowed upward fluid flow, and low-grade metamorphism of the parent rock, resulting in extensive hematite mineralisation. The majority of the iron mineralisation at the Chichester deposits, is interpreted to be martite-goethite resulting from supergene enrichment of a magnetite-rich BIF oxidised to martite parent rock.
Hardcapping ferricrete development of portions of the mineralisation has been identified in mapping and drilling. This process, which occurred during latter stages of geological development Tertiary , has changed the physical and geochemical properties of the upper portions of the mineralisation up to 10mthickness.
Hardcapped material, which can be quite vuggy, typically has a higher density, being pervasively cemented by goethite and commonly has vitreous goethite included in the matrix. An associated increase in gangue content may be seen in hardcap due to the near surface processes of ferricretisation. The NammuldiMember is characterised by extensive, thick and podded iron rich bands, separated by equally extensive units of siliceous and carbonate rich chert and shale.
The Nammuldi Member in the Chichester Range is interpreted to be up to 60m in truethickness. Underlying the Nammuldi Member rocks are black shales and volcanic rocksbelonging to the Jeerinah Formation. Limited iron mineralisation also occurs in the overlying CID and Tertiary alluvial material.
Upper limit of mineralised domain is located between 0m to m below the surface. Lower limit of mineralised domain is located between 1m and m below the surface. The average thickness of the mineralised domain is 7. The mining model is based on strip mining. Mining at Cloudbreak will continue to be carried out as open pit strip mining.
The pits are developed progressively, where a starter pit is opened with overburden from the starter pit placed in a small overburden stockpile. As the mining face progresses, the open pit is progressively backfilled and rehabilitated. The majority of the ore will be mined using surface miners.
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